Ngo-2021, i-China ye-China ye-China6 yi-5715 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-6.145 yezigidi zeetoni ezingama-2012, kunye nenqanaba lokukhula kwe-7.5%. I-Phina's Pa6 inomgangatho ophezulu wokufakwa. Emhlabeni jikelele, malunga ne-55% yeentsinga ze-PA6 zisetyenziselwa iifestile, kwaye malunga neepesenti ezingama-45 zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ofisi ye-PHI6 eTshayina ngo-2021 ziitoni eziyi-20,127 ezisetyenziselwa iiplasitiki zobunjineli.
I-PA NYLOLO ENCIRE GRANAR
Ukususela ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022, ixabiso le-PA6 liye kwiqela le-roller coaster linyuka nehlazo.
I-NYLOLO 6 (PA6), ekwabizwa ngokuba yiPolyamide 6, ne-NYLOLO 6, amandla ayo okulinganisa ihle, kwaye ineempawu zokunganyangeki, zinxibe ukumelana nokunganyangeki. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiShishini le-Automonjile, i-Rail Trait, ukupakisha ifilimu, izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nendwangu. Nangona umsebenzi wayo obanzi ulungile, ikwano uthotho lweentsilelo. Umzekelo, i-PA6 ayinayo i-Acid kunye neAlkali ukunganyangeki, kwaye amandla empembelelo ayiphezulu kubushushu obuphantsi kunye nomhlaba omileyo. Ubukho besiseko se-hydrophilic siya kubangela ireyithi ephezulu yokufumana amanzi, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-elastic, amandla empembelelo kwaye ke kuya kuncitshiswa kozinzo lweemveliso zamanzi kunye neepropathi zombane zemveliso. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukufundisisa utshintsho lwe-PA6.
I-PA6 isetyenziswe kwiimoto
I-PA6 isetyenziswe kwi-Lopele
- I-PA6 intsebenzo
Izinto ezibukhali ze-PA zinomthombo obanzi, osisiseko semveliso yayo enkulu yamashishini. Ngenxa yokucwangciswa rhoqo kwemozulu ye-Molekcular, i-PA inokwakha iimbophelelo ezininzi ze-hydrogen phakathi kwe-macromolecules, ke inee-rystallies ephezulu. Kwangelo xesha, ikwaneempawu ezibalaseleyo kwiipropathi zoomatshini, iipropathi zekhemikhali, iipropathi ze-themikhali kunye nezinye iinkalo, kubandakanya:
(1) amandla aphezulu e-thensile kunye nokugoba;
(2) Ukunganyangeki kakuhle kwempembelelo;
(3) Ukumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo;
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(7) Umsebenzi obalaseleyo wokusebenza;
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Ukwenzela ukunika iipropathi ze-PA6 ezomeleleyo ezomeleleyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zongezwa, phakathi kweyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-fiber yeglasi. I-Elastomer okanye irabha ye-Elastomer okanye irabha ye-POE, i-SBR, okanye i-EPDM ihlala yongezwa ukunika i-PA6 yefuthe leMpembelelo. Ukuba akukho songezo kwimveliso ye-PA6, izixhobo zeplastiki zinenqanaba le-shrinkige eli-1% ukuya kwi-1.5%, kunye nokongezwa kwe-fiber yeglasi inika imveliso enemigangatho ye-0.3%. Phakathi kwazo, ukufunxa komswakama kunye nokukhala kwezinto zezona zinto ziphambili ezichaza inqanaba lendibano kunye nolwalamano lwenkqubo kunye nenqanaba lokusebenza kunye nenqanaba lokwenyani.
I-fiber yeglasi
I-poe elastomer
Unyango olomileyo lwe-PA6 lwenaliti kulula ukuyifumana amanzi, kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe ukubaluleka okukhulu kunyango olomileyo ngaphambi kokwenziwa kokwenza. Ukuba izinto ezibonelelweyo zisongelwe kwizinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba, isitya kufuneka sigcinwe kwiLizwe eliValiweyo. Xa umswakama ungaphezulu kwe-0.2%, umoya oshushu kufuneka ukhethe ukomisa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwe-80 ℃ nge-16h; Ukuba umxholo utyhilwe emoyeni ubuncinci 8h, kufanele ukuba i-vacuum yomile kwi-105 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-8h.
- Inkqubo yemveliso ye-PA6
I-1.Two-Inqanaba le-Polymerization
I-Polymerizazazazazation ezimbini ikakhulu yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amabini: i-polymerization yangaphambili kunye nePolymerization. Ngokubanzi, ilungele ukuveliswa kweemveliso ze-viscofity ephezulu njenge-sthric sebric silk. I-Polymerization yesibini ibandakanya iindlela ezintathu: zangaphambi kunye ne-poly-birration ye-polymerization, ukucinezelwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-Poly-Delymer Polymerization kunye ne-Polymering Polymerization kunye ne-Polymeri. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-decofamping ye-decofatization ibandakanya utyalomali olukhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu, kulandelwa yi-Polymering Prelymerization ye-Polymerization kunye ne-Poly-Preymer Polymerization. I-pre-kunye ne-Poly-Pory-Polymerization ye-Polymerization inendleko eziphantsi kwaye ayifuni utyalomali oluninzi.
I-2. I-Atmospheric indlela yokuqhubela phambili
I-Polymerization eqhubekayo phantsi koxinzelelo lwe-quosmosfic isebenza kwimveliso yesilika ye-PA6, phakathi kwenkqubo yemveliso ye-Italy ngoyena mmeli. Indlela ibonakaliswa yi-polymerikas enkulu eqhubekayo kwi-260 ℃ ye-20h. Iziqwenga zafunyanwa kwinqanaba elishushu lamanzi ashushu. Emva kokuba oonobumba bomiswe yigesi ye-nitrogen, amaxhoba afunyanwa ngokukhutshelwa, kwaye inkqubo eqhubekayo kunye nenkqubo yoxinaniso yaziswa ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela inemveliso eqhubekayo yokuqhubeka kwemveliso, inokufumana iimveliso eziphezulu eziphezulu, isivuno esiphakamileyo, kwaye ayithathi indawo enkulu kakhulu kwisicelo esisebenzayo, yinkqubo yemveliso eqhelekileyo yesilika.
3.Ukuhlala kwe-hydrolysis
I-Bhatch ye-Bydrolysis ye-Phydrolysizalelazozelelo isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-Polymerization ye-Polymerization. Le ndlela ilungele ukuveliswa kweentlobo zobuchwephesha ezininzi kunye nezincinci zeplastiki zeplastiki. Ukusonjelwa kwexesha elinye, emva kokuphendula (ukukhululwa kwexesha elinye) ngoxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen ukusika, ukukhutshelwa, emva komile ukulungiselela i-PA6. Inkqubo ye-BATCT ye-polymerizazazazazazazation inokwahlulahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwa: Inqanaba lokuqala kukuveliswa kwamanzi kwi-ringcondikelelo yeringi; Inqanaba lesibini li-vacuruum polymerization; Inqanaba lesithathu yindlela yokulingana.
I-Batch Polymerizazation ilungele ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezininzi zeemveliso zamabhanti amancinci, zinokuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-viscofity kunye nokuselwa komgangatho, kodwa umjikelo wemveliso ubude, ukuphinda komgangatho kuhluthwa.
I-4.tun-screw extursion yenkqubo ye-Polymeris
I-Twin-Screw exturlusion Inkqubo ye-Polymerigulas eqhubekayo yitekhnoloji entsha kule minyaka idlulileyo. Iyamthanda i-anaionetic oskermeritity polymerization kunye ne-caprolactigh yenziwa ngokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye iqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo ingena kwi-win-screw excerruder. Kwi-screw-screw exturision, izinto zokuphendula zihamba ecaleni kwendlela ye-axial ngokujikeleza isikhafu, kwaye ubunzima bayo bemolessine baqhubeka benyuka. Izixhobo zemolekyuli ezisezantsi zikhutshwe yinkqubo ye-vacuum ye-Twin-Screw Putter, kwaye i-polymer ipholile kwaye ichetyiwe, iwomile kwaye igcwele.
Inkqubo ineempawu zokuhamba kwemveliso kunye nemveliso elula, kunye ne-monomer engekhoyo i-molesm ye-molesture ephantsi inokuphinda iphinde ihlawulwe kwakhona emva kokuba ikhutshelwe kwinkqubo yokuphendula, kwaye i-monomer yemveliso iphantsi, ngaphandle kokukhutshwa. Amanzi amanqam aphantsi, ixesha elomileyo lifutshane, linokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Kwangelo xesha, ubunzima bemoyam yemveliso yemveliso bunokulawulwa lixesha lokuhlala lwezinto ezikwi-twin-screw deprulruder.
- Uphononongo malunga nokuguqulwa kwe-PA6
Ukulungiswa okudityanisiweyo
Ngenxa yobukho beebhondi ze-hydrogen kwiimolekyuli ze-PA6, bhetyebhetye kwaye amandla ayo kuya kuchaphazeleka ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Ngokwanda kwe-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-hydrogen, amandla omatshini e-PA6 ayanda. Iiatom ezininzi zekhabhoni zikhona, ixesha elide i-chain eguqukayo, kokukhona kuyaqhubeka. Iipropathi zoomatshini bezinto ze-PA6 zingaphuculwa ngokongeza i-fiber yeglasi. I-tetragonal zno whisher inamacala aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokusekwe koku, iziphumo zesifundo kwifuthe lokuhlaziya le-Zno libonisa ukuba isihloko samandla esine-nisk sinokunciphisa ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokwanda kwamanzi kwento. Impukane i-ash yayiphathwa nge-arhente yokudibanisa i-selane kwaye igcwaliswe kwimveliso ye-PA6 ye-PA6 ukuze ilungiswe. Imveliso yokugqibela inobuchule bokuzinza okungcono kwe-thermal, ireyithi ye-shrinkage kunye nokuthathwa kwamanzi.
I-2.Flame ilungisiwe
Isalathiso seoksigen ye-PA6 yi-26.4, isixhobo esinokutsha. Imithetho yelizwe kunye nemigaqo ifuna ngokucacileyo ilangatye le-polymer yezinto ze-polymer, ke iyimfuneko ukuba iviswe ngokubaluleka kokufumana i-PA6 xa isetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezinxulumene nombane. Iflakisi yokubuyiswa kwe-aluminium hypophosphate ilunge kakhulu kwizixhobo ezilungiselelwe ngokudibanisa iityuwa zentsimbi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi hypofosphate nge-PA6. Xa umxholo we-Aluminium Hypophosphate yi-18%, ukuphulukana nokutshiswa kwezinto ezinokufikelela kwi-25, kwaye i-UL94 ikwazi ukufikelela kwiBanga le-0.
I-Melamine Cwaniric Acid (i-MCA) iguqulwe nge-phosphorus ebomvu inokusetyenziswa njengelangatye le-PA6. I-phosphorus ebomvu inokuthintela ukuqulunqwa kweNtetho ye-Hydrogen ye-Hydrogen ye-Hydrogen ephakathi kweMelamine kunye ne-Cyanuric Acid, ngaloo ndlela ihlaziya i-MCA, kwaye i-MCA inokwenzeka kwisenzo se phosphorus Resphorus. Ke ngoko, i-MCA eliguqulweyo inokudlala indima ehlawulelwayo kwimozulu kwiSigaba seNkxaso-mali kunye nesigaba segesi, esifanelekileyo ekuphuculeni iplati yeflethi ye-PA6. Isiphelo seoksijini ye-oxygen (i-LOI) yengxowa ye-guinidine sulfonine scoid kwi-PA6 Matrix ngokuxuba indlela yokudibanisa. Uvavanyo lokudibana oluthe nkqo lubonise ukuba isivuno samachaphaza anyibilikisiweyo bancitshiswa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-Puinidine Sunidine Sulfonis Acid yayiyi-ACFOIC Sunidine Sulfonine Acid engaphantsi kwe-5%.
Phosphorus ebomvu
3.Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa
I-PAGEDHED kunye ne-PAIRDED PA inokufunyanwa ukongeza i-gucile resin okanye i-Elastomer kwi-Parsin kwaye idibane kwaye iphume.Xa iarhente yokugculelwa i-Sbs i-Sbs, inkqubo yokudibanisa i-sbs ye-SBS ebonakalayo kunye ne-PA6 ifunyenwe ngokujikeleza ngendlela yokulinganisa. Xa inani le-SBS elandayo linyuswa, amandla e-notch yenkqubo kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto kuya kuphuculwa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PA6 kunye ne-EPDM Composites, i-EPDM Grofted Andhydride ineerabha kunye nokuhambelana kweplastiki kunye nobunzima obuphezulu. Xa umthamo we-EPDM Gatwelwe nge-Anhydride wayeyi-15%, umbandela odityanisiweyo wayenamaxesha ali-9 amachaphaza amachaphaza kunempahla ye-PA6.
I-sbs egutethenity arhente
Umthombo weMifanekiso: irabha yeGuofeng kunye neplastiki
4.Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa
I-Fillical Filler yongezwa kwi-PERIK, kwaye i-PAPRAD SPOSPRASE STATE ifumaneka emva kokudibanisa nokuphuma. Ukusebenzisa i-selicon carbide njenge-filing filing filing, iarhente yokudibanisa i-kh560 kunye ne-Epoxy Reallin E51 ukunyanga inkqubo ye-filler, i-screw-screyiting turling upessol inomsebenzi obalaseleyo. Xa isixa sokugcwalisa i-filing filing, i-PA6 Chain yoLwandiso loNyango, i-crystalization, ukumelana nobushushu, ubuchwephesha bokwexeshana kwezemilinganiselo yokuqhubela phambili kuya kutshintsha.
I-Silicon carbide
Imveliso edityanisiweyo ifunyenwe kwi-PA6 kunye ne-organic montmorillonite iphathwe ngokudityaniswa kwenyibiliko inaliti ineembambano ezihle kunye nokunxiba, ukumelana nobushushu kunye neepropathi zobushushu. I-Filler yi-Aluminium powder, i-Ropolostremermermermer-i-POO6 kunye ne-PA66, kwaye izinto ezihlanganisiweyo zinokulungiswa ngokudityaniswa. Xa umxholo we-Aluminium yonyuka, amandla e-subile yokunyuka okokuqala aze emva koko anciphe, kwaye ukugoba komntu kunyuke ngokuthe ngcembe, ngelixa amandla empembelelo ehla. Emva kokuzalisa i-bhabha ye-ASBBIDDS kwi-PA6, ubukhali, ifuthe kunye namandla asekhonsi ezixhobo zinokuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye imveliso inokuthi ifumaneke ngakumbi.
5. I-alfay
I-PA6 Alloty yenkqubo yecandelo elihlukeneyo, uninzi lwazo luluhlu lweentlobo ezimbini ze-polymers, phakathi kwe-polymer, i-graft copolymer kunye ne-copolymer kunye ne-copolymer kunye ne-copolymer kunye ne-copolymer. I-PA6 kunye ne-Andhydride ye-Anlyproplene ye-Polyproplene (i-PP-G-Mah) emva kokudityaniswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiweyo, ireyithi yokufumana amanzi iphantsi kakhulu kune-PA6, kwaye inamandla amakhulu kune-PA6.
I-odor ephantsi ye-odor ye-anhhydride ye-polyproplene
I-Polythylene yeGreyitity ye-Polythylene (i-ldpe), i-amehydride (mah) kunye ne-initriator i-pisooptropy, i-wispe) ye-Polythylene (i-DCP) ye-Pollydride (i-DCP) ye-DiroPide (i-DCP) ye-diroxide (i-DCP) ye-DiroPide (i-DCP) ye-diroxide (i-DCP) ye-diroxide (i-DCP) ye-DiroPide. Emva koko, ukudityaniswa kwe-LDPE-G-Mah kunye ne-PA6 kunokulungiswa ngokukhawulela indlela yokudibanisa ukudityaniswa nexabiso elincinci le-PA6. Xa idosi ye-anhydride ye-1,0, ukudityaniswa kwamandla e-thensile anokufunyanwa. Xa idosi ye-anhydride igcinwe kwi-1,0, utshintsho lwedosi le-DCP aluyi kuba nefuthe elininzi kwipropathi yokudibanisa. Xa idosi ye-DCP yayingu-0.6, amandla e-thensile ogqibeleleyo ekuhlanganisweni inokufunyanwa.
Itekhnoloji ye-PA6 ye-PA6 ye-PA6 ye-PA6 ibandakanya i-Inventi yaseSwitzerland, i-Itali ye-Itali, kunye ne-krtay ka-kart kunye ne-zimmer. Kwisiseko sokufunda ngenkuthalo kuchwetheza kunye namava, ilizwe lethu lisandul 'ukuzoba kwaye lisonge ngakumbi i-TITERS kunye neenkqubo ze-VK kunye neenkqubo ze-VK kunye ne-vk tubes ezifana ne-TIO2 kunye nembewu efunekayo kufuneka zingeniswe).
Umthamo we-polymerizazelazazazo wokuzalelwa kwe-PA6 e-China ugcine umkhwa wokwanda ngokukhawuleza, kunye nomsebenzi wokuvelisa ukude kakhulu we-PA66. Okwangoku, uphando ngotshintsho lwe-PA6 ikakhulu malunga nokomeleza, ukubomeleza, idangatye, ukugcwalisa amaqela aqinileyo e-elektroniki, ukukhusela i-acidic ye-acidic, ukufezekisa i-aciding ye-acidic, ukufezekisa i-aciding dauling). Nangona olu hlobo lotshintsho luye lwenziwa ngokudibanisa izinto ezizodwa, iindlela zokulungiswa kokupheliswa kunye nokuphendula nazo zichanekile. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekekayo lwetekhnoloji yale mihla, izixhobo ze-nano zinokuziswa ukuze ziguqule i-PA6 izixhobo ze-PA6 eziguqulweyo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, amandla obushushu obuphezulu, ukuhlangabezana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo.
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: UMar-16 ukuya ku-2023